oxus' river is flowing between

[8], Western travelers in the 19th century mentioned that one of the names by which the river was known in Afghanistan was Gozan, and that this name was used by Greek, Mongol, Chinese, Persian, Jewish, and Afghan historians. (a) Turkey. In the distant East was the region of Bactria. Much like its neighbours, the area comprising modern-day Bactria is relatively seldom visited and seldom studied, due to its turbulent recent history. However, despite this, I laud the series' team for producing a documentary that I enjoyed immensely, and that educated me and inspired me to research the Oxus region in-depth. For other uses, see, Oxus, Jayhoun, də Āmu Sind, Vaksu, Amu River. The heartland of Hyrcania (more often absorbed into a map of ancient Parthia, than given its own separate mention) – in ancient times just as in the present-day – is Golestan province, Iran, which is a fertile and productive area on the south-west shores of the Caspian. Paris is the capital of France situated on the bank of (a) Seine (b) Po (c) Thane (d) Spree. Found inside – Page 253... topographical and physical , between the accounts of Son - Yun ( 518 ) ... not learn that the ' fine river'flowing out of the alpine lake was the Oxus ... The purpose is to specify how lower flows affect the DO dynamics in the Souris River and aid the board in its review of water quality objectives. Ayaz Kala (fortress 2) of Khwarezm (Chorasmia), today desert but in ancient times green and lush. Amu Darya (Oxus River) Delta from space, November 1994. D) Dhaka. To hem his watery march, and dam his streams, Why Oxus? By including Hyrcania in the Oxus region, I'm tentatively siding with those that assert that the "greater Uzboy" did exist; if it didn't (i.e. Oxus synonyms, Oxus pronunciation, Oxus translation, English dictionary definition of Oxus. 88. Margiana lies within what is present-day southern Turkmenistan. . See Amu Darya. The Amu Darya is 879 miles (1,415 km) long, but its length is 1,578 miles (2,540 km) if measured from the sources of its headstream, the Panj River , in the Pamirs . The Sogdian heartland is the fertile valley of the Zeravshan river (old Persian name), which was once known by its Greek name, as the Polytimetus, and which has also been called the Sughd, in honour of its principal inhabitants (modern-day Tajikistan's Sughd province, through which the river runs, likewise honours them). [5], The name Amu is said to have come from the medieval city of Āmul, (later, Chahar Joy/Charjunow, and now known as Türkmenabat), in modern Turkmenistan, with Darya being the Persian word for "river". Countries at least partially in the Aral Sea watershed are in yellow. Also – putting aside its "not forgotten" status – the partial exclusion (or, perhaps more accurately, the ambivalent inclusion) of Sogdiana from the Oxus region has deep historical roots. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Cooperative management of transboundary water resources in Central Asia", "Groundwater resources use and management in the Amu Darya River Basin (Central Asia)", "Automated system of runoff forecasting for the Amudarya River basin", "Uzboy and the Aral regressions: A hydrological approach", "Fishery in the Lower Amu Darya Under the Impact of Irrigated Agriculture", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amu_Darya&oldid=1040820570, Articles containing Persian-language text, Articles containing Turkmen-language text, Articles containing Turkish-language text, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with dead external links from February 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Sanskrit-language text, Articles containing Middle Persian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2021, Articles needing additional references from February 2021, All articles needing additional references, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from October 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Lake Chamaktin, which discharges to the east into the, This page was last edited on 26 August 2021, at 21:38. Additionally, he informs us that "Indian goods were transported over the Oxus River across the Caspian Sea to the Kura River. Amu Darya, has a flow of about 70 cubic kilometres per year on average. In the documentary, it's explained how (and illustrated with some impressive 3D animation) – according to some – the Greco-Bactrian city was built atop the ruins of an older city, probably of Persian origin, which was itself once a dazzling metropolis. Next in line downstream is the Panj river, which begins where the Wakhan and Pamir rivers meet. The Iaxartes is a river, today-called Syr-Daria, which springs west of the Pamir Mountains in Fergana (in modern Kyrgyzstan), and flows through modern Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan to Lake Aral, covering a distance of 2212 km. [citation needed]. Found inside – Page 63It flows between Tarsus and Al Massissah. Its sister river, the Jaihin, has its sources at the 'Uyun Jaihin, three miles from the town of Mar'ash, and flows ... In the current era, visitor access to Takhti Sangin is somewhat more relaxed than is access to the Bactrian sites further downstream (mentioned above) – there appear to be tour operators in Tajikistan running regularly-scheduled trips there – but this is also a sensitive border area, and as such, access is controlled by the Tajik military (who maintain a constant presence). Sources also suggest that this distinctive stone was Bactria's most famous export, and that it was universally associated with Bactria, much like silk was associated with China. The Oxus Civilization is a culture that lived in Central Asia flourishing from about 2400-1900 BCE. C) Jordan and Israel. The second river is the Syr Darya, and it is a westerly flowing river as it approaches the Aral. What follows is an overview of some free-flowing rivers in the region, the immense services they provide and a brief introduction to the riverkeepers who are fighting to protect and nurture free- flowing rivers across South Asia. East of Bactria lies one of the most inaccessible, solitary, and unspoiled places in the world: the Wakhan Corridor. Inadequate infrastructure, poor water-management, and outdated irrigation methods all exacerbate the issue. The river Jayhan drainage lies in the area between the former empires of Genghis Khan and Alexander the Great, although they occurred at much different times.One southern route of the Silk Road ran along part of the Jayhan . While this is certainly an interesting hypothesis – and while it's true that there hasn't been nearly enough excavation or analysis done in modern times to rule it out – the evidence and the expert opinion, as it stands today, would suggest that Adams's hypothesis is wrong. Answer. Having the bountiful Oxus River flowing right through its heart, Bactria's lands were some of the most lucrative in the known world - rivalling even those on the banks of the Nile. Found inside – Page 8The chief river of this basin is the Oxus — the Jihun of the Arabs ... hills close in and the river flows in a deep gorge for nearly 50 miles to Sarhad . South of Chorasmia – crossing the Karakum desert once again – one will find the realm that in antiquity was known as Margiana (although that name is simply the hellenised version of the original Persian name Margu). Jungius, H., Chikin, Y., Tsaruk, O., Pereladova, O. Kampyr Tepe was constructed around the 4th century BCE, possibly initially as a garrison by Alexander's forces. So, there you have it: my humble overview of the history of a region ruled by rivers, empires, and treasures. North-east of Hyrcania, crossing the lifeless Karakum desert, lies Chorasmia, better known for most of its history as Khwarezm. I must acknowledge and wholeheartedly thank David Adams and his team for producing the documentary Alexander's Lost World, which I have referred to throughout this article, and whose material I have re-analysed as the basis of my writings here. The question of whether the full length of the Uzboy ever existed remains unresolved, particularly regarding the section from Sarykamysh Lake to Igdy Kala. Out of the mist and hum of that low land, Map: Forgotten realms of the Oxus region (Google Maps Engine). A feasibility study was initiated to investigate if the area is suitable and if such an initiative would receive support from relevant decision makers. Technological innovation now plays a central role. In ancient times, the river was regarded[by whom?] Found inside – Page 137Between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries, the Turkmen overran and ... Map of Safavid Persia with the Oxus River still depicted as flowing into the ... This is their joint account of the adventure. C. Sar-i Sang lapis lazuli can be found in numerous famous artifacts of other ancient empires, including the tomb of Tutankhamun in Egypt. Trade frictions between China and the we evolved into a technological war that hampered the exchange of . The documentary also indicates that access to Ai-Khanoum is currently tricky, and must be coordinated with the Afghan military; the site itself is also difficult to physically reach, as it's basically an island amongst the rivers that converge around it, depending on seasonal fluctuations. It's likely that the plateau at Balkh was indeed ancient Bactra; however, this has never been conclusively proven. From its confluence with the Kushk river, the Murghab meanders gently down through semi-arid lands, before opening into a large delta that fans out optimistically into the unforgiving Karakum desert. I write a travel guide about Central Asia and since your page pops up high in Google when searching for Kampyr Tepe, I thought I'd let you know to insure the maximum number of people get the right info! Sar-i Sang is not a town, it's a mine: at an estimated 7,000 years of age, it's believed to be the oldest continuously-operating mine in the world. In ancient times, the river Jayhan was regarded as the boundary between Irān and Tūrān. There are few significant archaeological sites within the Wakhan. B) Colombo. It even housed an amphitheatre and a gymnasium. • Bari Doab is the area lying between River Ravi and River Beas. [27] The Soviet Union fell in the 1990s and Central Asia split up into the many smaller countries that lie within or partially within the Amu Darya basin. The Wakhan is centred around a single long valley, whose river – today known as the Panj, and then higher up as the Wakhan river – is generally recognised as the source of the Oxus. For most of its history, Amul lay just beyond the frontiers of Sogdiana, and it was the crossroads of all the principal realms of the Oxus region mentioned in this article. However, considering its place in the narrative of these empires, and considering its being recorded by both Persian and Greek historians, surprisingly little is known about the details of ancient Bactria today. Amnok River Korea: AKA "Yalu River". World Rivers Mcqs General Knowledge Fpsc,Kppsc,Nts,Ppsc,Etea,CSS,PMS. The Qaraqum Canal, Karshi Canal, and Bukhara Canal were among the larger of the irrigation diversions built. In about AD 985, the massive Gurganj Dam at the bifurcation of the forks started to divert water to the Aral. 89. As there's nothing else around for miles, they are occasionally used to this day as travellers' shelters. The formidable walls surrounding the ruins of Bactra, adjacent to modern-day Balkh. which, standing above the surrounding arid plain, collect atmospheric moisture which otherwise would probably escape somewhere else. It is formed by the junction of the Vakhsh and Panj rivers, in the Tigrovaya Balka Nature Reserve on the border between Tajikistan and Afghanistan, and flows from there north-westwards into the southern remnants of . Pack Rafting the Oxus River in AfghanistanJonathan Rider & Edmund Le Brun. First and foremost, an overview of the major rivers in question. Just to the south of Syr Kol, on the other side of the Great Pamir, the Wakhan Range (also referred to as the Nicolas Range in . [13] The Panj River forms the border of Afghanistan and Tajikistan. Found inside – Page 162... place in the lower course of the Oxus , the river at one epoch flowing to ... Between 1575 and 1675 the river again reverted to the Aral , since which ... Clark Fork River Montana - One of the most interesting fisheries in the country. It later put down the Basmachi movement and killed Ibrahim Bek. [32], Robert Byron's 1937 travelogue, The Road to Oxiana, describes its author's journey from the Levant through Persia to Afghanistan, with the Oxus as his stated goal. Rejoicing, through the hushed Chorasmian waste, B) Afghanistan and Tajikistan. The source of the Jaxartes is (according to some) not far from that of the Oxus, high up in the Pamir mountains; from there, it runs mainly north-west through Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and then (for more than half its length) Kazakhstan, before approaching the Aral Sea from the east. By the 1800s, the ethnographic makeup of the region was described by Peter Kropotkin as the communities of "the vassal Khanates of Maimene, Khulm, Kunduz, and even the Badakshan and Wahkran. Found inside... the oasis zone formed by the delta of the Amu-Darya (ancient Oxus) River. ... In between these oases existed areas of sandy desert, desert-steppe, ... Amu Darya River Historically known by its Latin name "Oxus". The region of Bactria, now divided between Afghanistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. Windermere Lake is the largest lake of UK. The Oxus proper begins where the Panj and Vakhsh rivers meet, on the Afghanistan-Tajikistan border. All of the water comes from the high mountains in the south where annual precipitation can be over 1,000 mm (39 in). The river is formed by the confluence of the Vakhsh and Panj (Pyandzh) rivers (at which point it becomes known as the Amu Darya) and flows west-northwest. Less and less water flowed down the Uzboy. November 13, 2020. Much like the sites of the Bactrian heartland, Takhti Sangin has been studied only sporadically by modern archaeologists, and much remains yet to be clarified regarding its history. us A river of Central Asia flowing about 2,575 km generally northwest from the Pamir Mountains to the southern Aral Sea. 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