Below are background profiles for all 25 members of the Politburo, as well as more detailed biographies for the 7 Politburo members who also hold a seat on the all-powerful Politburo Standing Committee. [4], Stalin defeated the Left Opposition led by Trotsky by allying himself with the rightists within the Politburo; Nikolai Bukharin, Aleksey Rykov, and Mikhail Tomsky. He received a bachelor’s degree in politics from the Department of Political Education at Fujian Normal University in Fuzhou City, Fujian Province (1978–82); a master’s degree in economic management from the Central Party School in Beijing (via part-time studies, 1985–88); and a doctoral degree in management from the Tsinghua University School of Public Administration in Beijing (via part-time studies, 2005–08). His attitude toward public intellectuals has proven similarly ambivalent. In 1998, he was transferred to Shaanxi Province, where he served as deputy director of the Rural Work Office of the CCP Provincial Committee of Shaanxi (1998–2000), director of the Organization Department (2000–02) of the CCP Provincial Committee of Shaanxi, and party secretary of Xi’an City (2002–03). [17] On 18 February 1937, Ordzhonikidze was found dead in his house, having killed himself. For instance, Vyacheslav Molotov succeeded Rykov as Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars in 1930, to reduce the chance of another independent locus of centralised power forming form which could threaten Stalin and the Politburo, Secretariat, and Orgburo. In practice the General Secretary had the power of dictator, but according to the charter, between the congresses, the supreme authority belonged to the Central Committee. He joined the CCP in 1978. The agenda for the meetings appears to be controlled by the General Secretary and decisions are made by consensus rather than by majority vote.[4]. Politburo Standing Committee member; . [41] The first members of the Politburo were predominantly from urban areas. The provincial deficit is defined as the difference between provincial spending and revenue. In October 2007, he was promoted to be a Politburo Standing Committee member (2007–present) and, shortly thereafter, served as executive vice-premier of the State Council (2008–13). Current Politburo elected by 17 th Central Committee consists of 25 members. In 2003, Li was transferred to Heilongjiang Province, where he served as deputy party secretary (2003–10), vice-governor (2004–07), and then governor (2008–10). After Qinghai, Zhao was transferred to Shaanxi Province, where he served as party secretary (2007–12). He was then transferred to the central government, where he served as vice-minister of the State Development Planning Commission (SDPC) (1999–2003) and then as deputy secretary-general (chief of staff) of the State Council (2003–05). In January 2012, Chen was transferred to Guizhou, where he served as deputy party secretary (2012–15) and, concurrently, governor (2013–15). [10] This was acheived with Stalin's defeat of rival factions such as the Left Opposition and the Right Opposition. Li Keqiang was born on July 1, 1955, in Dingyuan County, Anhui Province. . From the 20th Congress until the 28th Congress, the share of Politburo members serving in the central party apparatus increased, while those serving in the state administration declined. Pratik Jakhar, “China party congress: The rising stars of China’s Communist Party,” BBC Online, October 8, 2017, In contrast to the Marxist notion that the Communist Party should be the “vanguard of the working class,” Jiang’s theory claims that the CCP should represent the “developmental needs of the advanced forces of production,” the “forward direction of advanced culture,” and the “fundamental interests of the majority of the Chinese people.”. The members of China’s Politburo and Politburo Standing Committee were revealed at the conclusion of the First Plenum of the 19th Central Committee on October 25, 2017. Politburo. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. He was next appointed deputy party secretary and head of the Luwan District in Shanghai (1992–95) and was eventually promoted to deputy secretary-general (chief of staff) of the Shanghai municipal government, in addition to director of the City Planning Commission and director of the Securities Management Office (1995–97). Li’s father-in-law, Cheng Jinrui, served as deputy secretary of the Henan Provincial CCYL Committee. [4] Others, such as Leonard Schapiro, argue that the system itself, from 1921, evolved an inner-party democratic system to a monolithic one in 1921, with the establishment of the Control Commission, the ban on factions and the power of the Central Committee to expel members they deemed unqualified. [15] Several scholars have viewed Ordzhonikidze's and Kirov's outspokenness as the rise of a moderate Stalinist faction with the party. A ruling committee of. Over the past three decades, virtually all PSC members have served either in provincial or municipal leadership roles or as governmental leaders in the State Council, and most have served in more than two province-level administrations. Nevertheless, the difference between the 2018 and 2019 delegates is not significant enough to affect our analytical . For the early career of Wang Huning and his writings, see “Hu Jintao’s two mysterious right-hand men: Ling Jihua and Wang Huning” [胡锦涛身边的神秘左右手：令计划和王沪宁], Social Perspective [社会聚焦], posted on April 7, 2010. Its officially mandated purpose is to conduct policy discussions and . [31] Similarly, several leading Politburo officials had participated in either the Russian Revolution, the Russian Civil War or World War II. As the eldest child, he began working at the age of 17 to help his mother support the family.2 Wang is widely considered a protégé of Hu Jintao, with whom he developed strong patron-client ties in the early 1980s, when Hu was head of the CCYL and Wang was deputy secretary of the Anhui Provincial CCYL Committee. After that, he was concurrently deputy party secretary and deputy mayor and then concurrently party secretary and mayor of Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province (2007–10). Li Qiang was born in July 1959 in Rui’an City, Caocun County, Zhejiang Province. He was first elected to the Central Committee as an alternate member at the 16th Party Congress in 2002. In 2013, he was named head of the 3rd Inspection Team of the CCDI, in charge of anti-corruption work at the Ministry of Land and Resources. 1–5, 23–24. [18] In May 1937, Jānis Rudzutaks became the first Politburo member to be purged. He then served as the first secretary of the Secretariat of the CCYL Central Committee (2006–08). Party Secretary of Shanghai (2012–present). Before that, the Party under Deng Xiaoping deliberately encouraged turnover by imposing term limits and retirement ages. Politburo definition, the executive committee and chief policymaking body of a Communist Party. Chen served as party secretary of Suiping County, Henan Province (1988–94); head of the Organization Department and member of the Standing Committee of the CCP Committee of Pingdingshan City, Henan Province (1994–96); mayor and deputy party secretary of the CCP Committee of Luohe City, Henan Province (1996–98); vice-governor of Henan Province (1998–2001); director of the Organization Department of the CCP Committee of Henan Province (2000–04); and deputy party secretary of Henan (2003–09). Likewise, the fourth plenum of the 18th Party Central Committee, which was held in the fall of 2014, was devoted to China’s legal reform. He was a “sent-down youth” at a collective farm in Chongming County, Shanghai, during the Cultural Revolution (1972–75).1 Han attended a two-year college program at Fudan University in Shanghai (1983–85), studied for his undergraduate degree (via part-time studies) in politics at East China Normal University in Shanghai (1985–87), and graduated with a master’s in international political economy from East China Normal University (1994–96). Li began his political career as a clerk and later served as deputy director in the office of the commerce bureau of the Shijiazhuang prefecture government in Hebei (1972–76). Xu attained the rank of major general in 1991 and the rank of lieutenant general in 1996. This is a series of documents through which the top Party leadership directly communicates with the rest of the political system. [1] Currently, it is a group of 25 top officials who oversee the CPC. 10/11/2019, 4:33 pm. From 1981 to 1984 he was a member of the Council of State. It attempts to shed light on the correlation of forces within the Politburo and on the political differences between the reformers led by General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev and conservatives led by Egor Ligachev on the - congress's eve by focusing on the all too ignored, but central issue of the pe- riod-political institutional reform-and the . The politicians almost certain to join the Politburo Standing Committee in 2012 appear to represent a balance between factional tendencies. He was first elected to the Central Committee as an alternate member at the 17th Party Congress in 2007. The Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (or Politburo, Russian: Политбюро, IPA: [pəlʲɪtbʲʊˈro]; abbreviated: Политбюро ЦК КПСС, Politbyuro TsK KPSS) was the highest policy-making authority within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. I'm not sure about the Central Committee itself, but this is surely interesting about their parliament, assuming the estimate is correct:. He then served as a member of the Secretariat of the CCYL National Committee and vice-chairman of China’s Youth Federation (1997–2001). No one spoke. The chart below is a quantitative look at the turnovers in the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) Central Committee (CC) Political Bureau (PB, or Politburo) —a congregation of the regime's highest-level party, state, and military and security officials—under Kim Jong Un for a sampling of top leadership shifts. He also attended a four-month training program for department/prefecture-level cadres at the Central Party School in Beijing (1996). This is believed to be much more infrequent than the former Soviet Politburo had met. According to an unverified source, Han Zheng’s wife, Wang Ming, previously served as vice-chair of the Shanghai Charity Foundation. He served as regiment commander, deputy division commander, and deputy commander of the 13th Group Army (1984–2000). [35] The Politburo never tried to fix the ethnic imbalance within the Politburo. In 1999, Cai moved to Zhejiang Province, where he served as deputy party secretary and mayor (1999–2002) and then party secretary (2002–04) of Quzhou City. He received an MBA from the School of Business Administration at Seton Hall University (1992–93) and an MPA from the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University (1994–95), where he was a Mason Research Fellow. Si Fan, “Portrait of the 18th Party Congress Leader Li Zhanshu: A Seasoned Chief of Staff” [十八大人物之栗战书: 多重历练的“大内总管”], Dagong Daily, September 3, 2012. [33] It was not until the 28th Politburo that every republic had a representative at the Politburo. He joined the CCP in 1975. For instance, Zhao Leji has aggressively promoted members of the Shaanxi Gang to important leadership posts. Chen Quanguo was born in November 1955 in Pingyu County, Henan Province. [6] In addition, members serving in the military and security sectors have been limited to 3 posts out of 21, in contrast to the 1980s, when most members had a military commander background. He served as governor and deputy party secretary of Hubei Province (2008–10) before he was promoted to party secretary of Hubei (2010–16). See Cheng Li, Chinese Politics in the Xi Jinping Era: Reassessing Collective Leadership (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution Press, 2016), pp. He was first elected to the Central Committee as a full member at the 17th Party Congress in 2007. ©* 1917 - 2100 Politburo and Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party, Ministry of Truth, Comrades of Armed Organs, Young Pioneer Organizations, Komsomol, Society for Sport and Technology, Society for Advancement of Secondary Sexual Characteristics, People's Political Humor & Satire Nyet Collective, and other groups and collectives of . The Standing Committee of the Central Political Bureau of the Chinese Communist Party, usually known as the Politburo Standing Committee (PSC), is a committee consisting of the top leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). He served as deputy director of the General Office (1988–91) and then director of the General Office and deputy secretary-general of Longyan Prefecture, Fujian Province (1991–93). Workers' Party of Korea: | || | | | | |Workers' Party of Korea| |조선로동당| . One Western official, requesting anonymity, said the old guard were losing some of their grip, particularly within the central committee which sits under the politburo. Other Parties and Groups The single party system, on the lines of Soviet Union, has not been adopted in the People's Republic of China; rather such smaller parties, as Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee, Democratic League, National . He served as ambassador to the United States (2000–04). Hu joined the CCP in. Military (Army)-- PGA / PLGA -executive arm with CMC at the apex. He later served as deputy director of the Rural Work Office of the CCP Provincial Committee of Hebei (1997–98). Following that, he served as president and party secretary of the newspaper Zhejiang Daily (1999–2001). [43] From the 1960s onwards the majority of new members had workers' backgrounds, as expected. The 19th Politburo was elected at the first plenary session of the 19th Central Committee in October 2017. [31] Alexander Shelepin had served as KGB Chairman, but was elected to the Politburo through his work in the Komsomol,[31] while Eduard Shevardnadze, who had served as the Georgian Minister of Internal Affairs until 1972, became a candidate member of the Politburo through his work as First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party. Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. In 1983 he joined the Politburo and became a secretary of the central committee with responsibility for security; the same position Honecker had held before becoming General Secretary. China's Elite Politics provides a new theoretical perspective on elite politics in China and uses this theoretical perspective to explain power transfer from Jiang Zemin to Hu Jintao and political dynamics between different factional groups ... [7], From 1917 to the mid-1920s, congresses were held annually, the Central Committee was convened at least once a month and the Politburo met once a week. HERE are many translated example sentences containing "DIFFERENCE CAN BE EXPLAINED BY THE FACT" - english-portuguese translations and search engine for english translations. [43] This is strange, considering that one would assume a rise in representation of the intelligentsia as the Soviet Union became more advanced. It is unclear when Liu joined the CCP. In addition, some Politburo members hold powerful regional positions. He was selected to participate in a training program for Overseas Studies at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) (1972–73). In particular, Li has frequently called for “mass entrepreneurship and innovation” (大众创业, 万众创新), which apparently has contributed to the country’s technological development over the past few years, as evidenced by the vitality of China’s e-commerce and e-payment systems. Status. The Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party, formally known as the Central Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China and known as the Central Bureau before 1927, is the decision-making body of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The couple has one daughter. [43] What is strange, however, is that from 1975 to 1981, a sudden increase of people of peasant background took place. He served as a clerk at the Culture and Education Bureau and the Party Committee of Liangdang County (1976–78). He was first elected to the Central Committee as a full member at the 18th Party Congress in 2012. He served as party secretary of Xigu District, Lanzhou City (1995–96). After that, Ding served as deputy director of the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission (1999–2001); deputy party secretary and head of the Zhabei District of Shanghai (2001–04); and deputy director of the Organization Department of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee and, concurrently, director of the Personnel Bureau of the Shanghai municipal government (2004–06). In practice, however, scholars of Chinese elite politics believe that the Politburo is a self-perpetuating body, with new members of both the Politburo and its Standing Committee chosen through a series of deliberations by current Politburo members and retired Politburo Standing Committee members. "[18], The Politburo was the highest organ of the party when the party Congress and the Central Committee were not in session.
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