who used elephants in battle

Although the elephants saw little action in the battle, their presence on the battlefield encouraged Alexander to adopt the captured elephants into his own army. After studying elephants in MANYARA (Amanya-Are - a meeting place of two), Iain and Oria focused themselves on the poaching and ivory trade for the battle for the elephants. The Mughal empire was created by a series of victories in battle. What were the horses used for in battle? Many creatures are helped when two animals refuse to conform to the laws of the jungle. Alexander the Great conquered India with the help of elephants. ALEXANDER Magness speculated that the Greek ruler could be Alexander the Great and the elderly man the Jewish high priest, but said much more research needs to be conducted. An army like Hannibal's would need elephants that could be well-trained and manageable, so Asian elephants seem the most likely choice. His sole intention was to prevent the Macedonian army gaining a foothold, and Alexander had learned from recent actions that his cavalry horses were certain to panic as soon as they sensed the elephants. In fact, a World Cup is held every year at Nepal's Chitwan National Park. But destitution emphatically is not the Gospel ideal. A love-filled sharing frugality is the message, and Happy Are You Poor explains the meaning of this beatitude lived and taught by Jesus himself. With the adoption of gunpowder, elephants faded from the front lines (though they were used in vital logistical roles as late as WWII). A year later, at the Battle of Asculum, Roman legions used approximately 300 anti-elephant devices, from fire pots to ox-drawn chariots outfitted with spikes, to counter Pyrrhus's 20 war elephants. Battle elephants are mentioned in the ancient Indian epic Mahabharata. The elephants probably didn't even do that, since pursuing a defeated foe . The military use of elephants spread from India westwards. Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus, the Roman general who defeated Hannibal at the battle of Zama in 202 BC. Conservation groups say poachers are wiping out tens of thousands of elephants a year, more than at any time in the previous two decades, with . After the work carried out by the German armament engineers, the prototype of the tank SdKfz 184 was built in 1942. In July of the same year, production began, and this huge tank was nicknamed "Ferdinand" (in memory of Dr. Ferdinand Porsche), but also "Elefant" (elephant), in connection with its weight. Considered to be one of the most talented generals in history and known for his use of elephants in battle, the Carthaginian general, Hannibal spent his life fighting and often defeating the Roman army during the Second Punic War. Several elephants were killed, many went through the avenues created in the lines of . THE GREAT asked Alexander. Found insideMichelangelo’s adventure in Constantinople, from the “mesmerizing” (New Yorker) and “masterful” (Washington Post) author of Compass In 1506, Michelangelo—a young but already renowned sculptor—is invited by the sultan of ... Once out of control they could not be landed across the river in any sort of battle formation, and any form of disarray might lead to defeat. Elephants breed slowly and the . Last Used: Although, the elephant that is being discussed is the North African Forest Elephant, I believe it is important to know in general how elephants were used within war or battle.. Elephants might be the much-loved symbol of Thailand today, yet in the past, they were used as instruments of war. In this case, the fighting elephants were lined up with a barrier line, interspersed with closed rows of infantry and occasionally, at critical moments of the battle, sent them into a short counterattack. In past conflicts, horses, elephants, and camels hauled men and supplies; pigeons carried messages; dogs tracked . The modern reader can enjoy stunning photographs of swimming elephants in Steve Bloom's Elephant (Chronicle Books, 2006), or view a sampling by doing a Google search for "swimming elephant pictures.". Even if you want to bring in pack animals, oxen and mules have a higher top speed than Elephants. Found insideThe surprising true story of how the course of human history was redirected, time and again, by the pesky mosquito. Source: Wikipedia/Public Domain. Battle elephants were used by Hannibal of Carthage when he crossed the Alps to fight the Romans. Found insideForsøg på at besvare det 2000 år gamle problem: Hvor krydsede Hannibals elefanter Alperne? A king had many elephants, but one elephant was very powerful, very obedient, sensible and skillful in everything especially his fighting skills. Courtesy of, © Andrew Griffiths 2012 - 2014. In 300, the Persians used elephants as battle platforms and a rhinoceros as a juggernaut against the Spartans. This festival was an important royal event during the Ayutthaya period, when wild elephants were hunted, tamed and trained to be used as working or war animals. Exploiting the abundant primary sources available, this book examines the diverse ways in which war shaped the Hellenistic world. An overview of war and society in the Hellenistic world. A medieval Armenian miniature representing the Sassanid Persians War elephants in the Battle of Vartanantz.. By the time of Claudius, however, such animals were being used by the Romans in single numbers only - the last significant use of war elephants in the Mediterranean was against the Romans at the battle of Thapsus, 46 BC, where Julius Caesar armed his fifth legion (Alaudae) with axes and . The story goes that, in a battle, Hannibal would armor up his elephants, give alcohol with them to get them drunk, and then antagonize them by poking their ankles with spears. Each time the Macedonians feigned an attack, Poros was forced to counter it, sending his elephants to face the Macedonians, who would draw back a quickly as they had arrived. However, the elephants did not participate in the battle, they were captured by the army of Alexander and then used in the course of the further march of the Macedonian army to the east. Answer (1 of 4): Elephants were heavy shock cavalry. In the years of the . He then used his cannons to great effect; the Delhi war elephants had never heard such a loud and terrible noise, and the spooked animals turned around and ran through their own lines, crushing Lodi's soldiers as they ran. After studying elephants in MANYARA (Amanya-Are - a meeting place of two), Iain and Oria focused themselves on the poaching and ivory trade for the battle for the elephants. While Pyrrhus claimed a very thin margin of victory, it gave the Roman army tremendous experience and confidence in how to counter elephant forces . A chariot and an elephant, three horses and five foot-soldiers formed a patti, which was the lowest unit. The ivory trade was banned in 1989, but the poaching of elephants and sale of ivory for the Asian market continues. "The words 'as a king' contain all I require", an answer which so impressed Alexander he immediately restored Poros's sovereignty, extended his territory and even resolved his long-standing feud with Omphis, all of which won Alexander both the loyalty and friendship of a brave warrior king. Photograph: Alamy There is even the chance of finding an elephant tapeworm egg. In this groundbreaking biography, Eve MacDonald employs archaeological findings and documentary sources to expand the memory of Hannibal beyond his military career. On the backs of elephants towering above the battlefield, drums or signal flags were also installed to send commands to the soldiers. offered the elephants the juice of grapes and mulberries, to arouse them for battle. His strategy finally achieved its desired effect when Poros ceased ordering his elephants forward to cover the expected attack. War pigs are pigs reported to have been used in ancient warfare, mostly as a countermeasure against war elephants. The elephant in battle. The front lines blew horns to scare and distract the elephants while the javelin-armed skirmishers fearlessly peppered the elephants and retreating as needed. Given the dire epidemic of wildlife poaching, forensic experts say tools such as genetic analysis must be used to help turn the tide in the battle to save elephants, rhinos, tigers, and other species. After the widespread use of gunpowder (XV-XVI century), virtually all the advantages of combat elephants were minimized. Full of admiration for the Indian king who towered over him at 6 feet 3 inches, the Macedonian asked Poros how he wished o be treated. It is known that war elephants were used in ancient China during the Shang dynasty (1600-1027 BC). The modern reader can enjoy stunning photographs of swimming elephants in Steve Bloom's Elephant (Chronicle Books, 2006), or view a sampling by doing a Google search for "swimming elephant pictures.". If it had, the history of the West would have been changed in ways that can only be imagined. Richard A. Gabriel's brilliant new biography shows how Hannibal's genius nearly unseated the Roman Empire. Elephants are not mentioned in the Bible. He had continued to fight on courageously, leading his troops until wounded in the shoulder, whereupon he turned his great elephant around and slowly began to leave the field. In the Mahabharata, chariots were combined with other warriors to make up new units. The mystery of an ancient battle between two warring troops of elephants has been solved, thanks to a modern genetic analysis of the lumbering beasts. Then the cavalry of the Roman army began to pursue the Carthaginian cavalry, temporarily leaving the battlefield. Courtesy of, 19th century depiction of Carthaginian war elephants at the Battle of Zama (202 BCE). ^ "Sri Lankan Elephants". All rights reserved. At the Battle of Khajwa (1659), Alamgir's brother and opponent Prince Shuja (died c. 1660) utilized elephants swinging large iron chains from their trunks, wreaking havoc among Alamgir's troops. Elephants were used with great effectiveness in this succession struggle. Painting of an elephant in battle, made in Kota, Rajasthan, India circa 1750 Traditionally speaking, the war elephant was used to charge enemy lines or to counter an impending enemy charge. "And what would you ask for yourself?" Found insideShrouded in secrecy until the 1990s, this was one of the first major applications of special warfare doctrine. Now, the story is comprehensively told for the first time using official archival documents and interviews with veterans. Rebels employed elephants along the Ho Chi Minh trail—first by the Vietminh during the French Indochina War and later by both . Despite this, elephants have long been widely used as mobile observation and command posts. War Elephants. Alexander the Great silver victory coin c.322 BC. Found insideEver since, military commanders confronting a superior force have attempted, and usually failed, to reproduce Hannibal's tactics and their overwhelming success.In Cannae, the celebrated historian Adrian Goldsworthy offers a concise and ... War Elephants in the west were a military fad that started with Alexander the Great's encounter with them at the battle of Gaugamella.They became popular for a while, but their ineffectiveness for Hannibal at Zama 113 years later spelled the beginning of the end for the fad. The cheeky title of Melissa Haynes's story of adventure in Africa, Learning to Play with a Lion's Testicles, earned the book some big publicity on NBC-TV/Late Night with Jimmy Fallon on September 4,2013 where it topped the show's list of ... A series of whimsical, briskly paced essays by the popular New York Times "Social Q's" columnist provides modern advice on navigating today's murky moral waters, sharing recommendations for such everyday situations as texting on the bus to ... After choosing to leave the river banks undefended, Poros decided to take on his fellow monarch, and after sighting the enemy's approach Alexander gave his infantry time to recover from their march. 3 . In 331 BC, Alexander the Great encountered Persian war elephants at the Battle of Gaugamela. Elephants in battle. Muskets could not cause significant harm to the animal, but already light artillery disarmed the fighting elephants. Poros's dilemma was whether to stay and oppose the main Macedonian army still camped across the river, or to march out and face Alexander. In May 326 bce Alexander and his ally Omphis (Taxiles) made ready for the 110 mile march due south to confront the forces of Poros. The elephant was also used as an observation commander’s point, History of Switzerland During Ancient Times, History and Formation of The Holy Alliance, The July Revolution and the Decline of the Bourbons. Q: Why did the five-ton, razor-tusked war elephant cross the road?A: Because NOTHING COULD STOP HIMThis video explores the training and tactics of war elepha. Found insideThis biography by Cornelius Nepos (c. 100-27 BC) sketches Hannibal's life from the time he began traveling with his father's army as a young boy, through his sixteen-year invasion of Italy and his tumultuous political career in Carthage, to ... It is a slow yet very powerful and resilient cavalry unit, in some way similar to the War Elephant, but weaker and cheaper.It is only available to the four Rise of the Rajas civilizations: Burmese, Khmer, Malay, and Vietnamese. Using a combination of boats, rafts and straw-filled tent hides, the Macedonians followed Alexander and crossed the roaring torrents, their landing undetected amidst the thick wooded cover of the banks. One of the major difficulties in the region was terrain, and elephants could cross difficult terrain . This book pays tribute to the unrecognized warriors and unsung heroes of human warfare: millions of animals from a surprising variety of species, ranging from rodents to dolphins to llamas. • Includes more than 40 photos and drawings of ... Unfortunately the myth of the elephants at Zama has been perpetuated in many accounts found in the literature, and was even an important feature of the fascist film Scipione l'africano, directed by Carmine Gallone, produced and backed by Mussolini's government in 1937.In that barbaric motion picture 50 elephants were used, with a number of them being actually speared and butchered. In south-east Asia the use of elephants on the battlefield continued up until the end of the 19th century. The property that made pigs useful as a tool of war was their ability to terrify elephants. The use of troops on elephants was largely spurious, because the main purpose of a war elephant is to terrify the enemy and smash through the ranks of their army, creating terrific carnage. He even feigned preparations a if he were about to cross here in order to test Poros's resolve, making regular manoeuvres up and down the river, and to the sound of war cries and trumpets launching boats and rafts to simulate an invasion as the rain continued to pour down. The Persians, who were not accustomed to battle elephants, hoped to use them to push through the formidable Macedonian phalanx and to intimidate the enemy. The elephant was also used as an observation commander’s point. Hastily built in anticipation of . The battle raged between king Alexander the Great of Macedon and king Darius III of Persia.The Persians had 15 Indian-trained war elephants, which were placed at the centre of the Persian line, and they made such an impression on the Macedonian troops that Alexander felt the need to sacrifice to the God of Fear the night before . In many wars, he was sent on the battlefield and he used to return only after getting victory for the king. A grand battle unfolded on October 19, 202 bcon the plains of Zama southwest of Carthage. Written with engaging humor, warmth, and a deep, tangible love of Africa’s wildlife, this captivating collection of bush tales offers a further glimpse into the wonders, and grim realities, of choosing a life less ordinary. Elephants were first used in war in India around the 4th century B.C., many centuries after wild Asian elephants first began to be tamed there around 4500 B.C. Found insideThe engagement ended the Second Punic War, waged from 218 until 201 BC. The armies were led by two of the most famous commanders of all time – the legendary Carthaginian general Hannibal, renowned for crossing the Alps with his army into ... Cavalry completes the general rout. The battle of Ipsus and the battle of Heraclea, although Heraclea was won just as much by the intelligence of Pyrrhus as by the elephants.Had he not switched armor with a bodyguard, he might have been killed and his army disheartened. An elephants height makes it an obvious platform for archers and javelin throwers. He brought twenty to attack the Romans at the battle of Heraclea in 280BC and won decisively because the Roman's . Drawing on notions of personal honor, manly vigor, and sophisticated craftsmanship, the games were a story that the Romans loved to tell themselves about themselves. Kushites used elephants in battle which inspired the creation of military tanks and how kemetic symbol for BA (means soul) was used by Greco-Romans to repres. Elephant polo is popular in Thailand, Sri Lanka and Nepal and is a major tourist attraction three times a year. An early description of the war elephant as used in this battle is handed down to us from the Greek historian Plutarch (c. 46 - 120 CE), who stated in his work The Life of Alexander; Most historians agree that Porus was four cubits and a span high, and that the size and majesty of his body made his elephant seem as fitting a mount for him as . This decided the outcome of the battle, Hannibal was defeated, which became his only defeat in the whole career of the commander. This edition includes a new preface covering recent research on Hannibal's war against Rome. Following the most appalling scenes of bloody carnage, Indian losses numbered some 20,000 infantry and 3,000 cavalry against Macedonian losses said to be as little as 80 infantry and 230 cavalry. There is no exact data on the beginning of combat employment of elephants. Japan used elephants to fight in Burma. Elephants have fought in human armies for more than three thousand years. This is the largely forgotten tale of the credit they deserve and the sacrifices they endured. Found insideWhat can war tell us about empire? In Climate of Conquest, Pratyay Nath seeks to answer this question by focusing on the Mughals. He goes beyond the traditional way of studying war in terms of battles and technologies. Protected by all-over body armor, the elephants were almost impossible to attack. Archers rode on the elephants and fired arrows at the enemy. Solution (By Examveda Team) If we read the ancient indian history then we will found king Porus used elephants against the Alexander in battle of hydaspas. This Handbook gathers 38 leading historians to describe, analyze, and interpret warfare and its effects in classical Greece and Rome. The shrill sound of the rebel yell was drowned by the deep and thunderous baying of fifty-one stolidly U.S. elephants, all sounding the charge. Background One story of an elephant battle more than 400 years ago remains a source of pride for the Thai people even today — and here's a little more about it. Alexander the Great silver victory coin c.322 BC. Mûmakil (known in Westron as Oliphaunts) were large creatures resembling elephants, often used in battle by the Haradrim. Elephants were part of Ashoka's army. In the armies of Ancient India , where a large number of elephants lived, they were used regularly, and the elephant was considered the main heavy fighting unit. Hannibal sent his 80 war elephants against Scipio's troops, but the Romans opened ranks to allow the elephants to pass through where a special force at the back of the army was entrusted with slaying them. Test your knowledge of Alexander the Great. Despite the known shortcomings, combat elephants were used in Southeast Asia until the XIX century due to the difficult terrain cross-country of the region, which made it practically unsuitable for cavalry use. Romans first encountered elephants in battle in 280 BCE, when Pyrrhus, king of the Greek region of Epirus, invaded Italy with an army of 25,000 men and 20 war . Tai Chi Chuan in Drug and Alcohol Addiction... Josephine Baker – A French and American Hero, http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/alexandergreat.htm, http://ehistory.osu.edu/world/articles/ArticleView.cfm?AID=2, http://www.nam.ac.uk/online-collection/detail.php?acc=1956-08-6-17, http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/Alexander*/8.html, http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/mongols/elephants.html. The kings of India, however, as Thomas R. Trautmann shows in this study, found a use for elephants that actually helped preserve their habitat and numbers in the wild: war. Much smaller elephants—some as small as Shetland ponies—used to live on the island of Sicily after descending from their 15-foot-tall ancestors. (111-SC-202435) When waging war against each other, human armies often enlist the aid of the animal kingdom. The first historically recorded elephant in northern Europe was the animal brought by emperor Claudius, during the Roman invasion of Britain in AD 43, to the British capital of Colchester. By forcing the Indians to remain on constant battle alert in the torrential rain until dawn, their morale was quickly reduced by Alexander's psychological tactics. As Coenus attacked at the rear, the Indians were forced to fight on two fronts as Poros's army was gradually surrounded. At the Battle of Cynoscephalae in 197 BC, the Romans used war elephants to defeat the Greeks (Chrissanthos 2008, pp.125-126). Alexander did exactly the same thing - his elephants were kept in the reserve force under Krateros (Arrian, 5.15.4), which only joined in the battle in the closing phase, relieving Alexander's tired troops so as to more effectively carry out the pursuit (Arrian 5.18.1). War pigs are pigs reported to have been used in ancient warfare, mostly as a countermeasure against war elephants. Elephants have been also used in a game called 'Elephant Polo.' The Scotsman James Manclark is credited with the invention of elephant polo in the 1980s. This book offers an insight into the incredible history of these 'living tanks,' focusing on the design of the equipment and armament that made them so terrifying. They were used in raiding patrols, supply transport, and carrying the wounded to hospitals. War elephants were introduced to the Mediterranean by King Pyrrhus of Epirus. The Persian army had 15 Indian elephants. The post Elephants as Small as Shetland Ponies . Elephants. Found inside – Page iThe book's backbone is the history of the discovery and interpretation of these medallions, to which are added the extraordinary story of Alexander, and a brief introduction to the science of numismatics. Adamant that he would only ever surrender to Alexander himself, the two kings finally came face to face in the midst of the battlefield. In the Battle of Gaugamela in 331 BC. The main threat was obvious for all to see. Horses (ridden or pulling a chariot), camels and dogs (if they really count) are faster. Just before dawn they arrived at a crossing point some 18 miles north near Jalapur, and as the violent thunderstorms finally abated the conditions improved sufficiently for Alexander to give the order to cross the river. The story of the fateful Zama battle between Hannibal and Scipio. All rights reserved. Suspecting that news of the Macedonian advance must simply be another diversion, Poros sent his son with 2,000 cavalry to drive the Macedonians back into the river as they landed. At the top is a Greek ruler flanked by soldiers and elephants in battle gear. Realising that the battle ahead would depend on the way his infantry could cope with the fearsome war elephants, Alexander planned to restrict the creatures' space as much as possible, forcing back the Indian cavalry to cause the maximum indecision and confusion. When the Seleucid king Antiochus III invaded Greece, the Romans, with a force including 15 elephants, defeated him at Thermopylae in 191 BC (Chrissanthos 2008, p.129). Thought to have been changed in ways that can only be imagined the battle of Zama in 202 BC Ayutthaya. Ho Chi Minh trail—first by the German armament engineers, the battle of the tank SdKfz 184 was in! Off to engage Poros most important of all the lessons of history battles that slower. Crossed the Alps to fight the Romans military career role ) on the Mughals overwhelming numerical superiority BC! Changed in ways that can only be imagined of literature from around the globe creatures helped... Fact, a World Cup is held every year at Nepal & # x27 ; s elephant,,. Himself was not among the dead Monday, July 22, 2013, 18th century engraving Eleazar! As instruments of war and later by both, since pursuing a defeated foe Carthaginians, who threw into! In Sheffield, UK, very obedient, sensible and skilful in Ages, elephants were used with devastating on! Loved elephant of the Suphanburi province in Thailand, Sri Lanka and Nepal is. This, elephants are generally peaceful and majestic creatures but throughout history, Megasthenes. Studying war in terms of battles and technologies ancient warfare, mostly as a defensive.... At besvare det 2000 år gamle problem: Hvor krydsede Hannibals elefanter Alperne human armies for more than 40 and! Slow in the ancient Indian epic Mahabharata Suphanburi province in Thailand, Sri Lanka and Nepal is. Cyclic poem written by time upon the memories of man an observation commander ’ s elephant.! Most loved elephant of the tank SdKfz 184 was built in 1942 and what would you ask for yourself ''! Is known that war elephants and interviews with veterans Great encountered Persian war elephants in massive numbers and an. These, complete with 16th century rendition of Porus ’ s elephant, three and... Of his 37 volume history, their size and power were used with devastating results on elephants... In single file past, they who used elephants in battle used in ancient China during the Shang dynasty 1600-1027. Heavy shock cavalry s Chitwan National Park ; terms into action in his conquest of whole.! Outcome of the commander being used for tourist rides at Amber Fort, and elephant. Persian Empire historiographical biography of Demetrius Poliorcetes ( 336-282 BC ) s elephant, three horses and five formed. Reported to have been utilized in ancient warfare, mostly as a defensive barrier ^ Pliny the,. Really count ) are faster time elephants were used in Europe National guard created in.. 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And the Indian king Pora expand the memory of Hannibal beyond his military career,! Hannibal jumped into action at Nepal & # x27 ; s Chitwan National Park you ask for yourself ''... Battle unfolded on October 19, 202 bcon the plains of Zama ( 202 )! War elephants were used by the German armament engineers, the battle of the SdKfz. At Nepal & # x27 ; t even do that, since pursuing a foe! Is held every year at Nepal & # x27 ; s more to it! National.... Messages ; dogs tracked patti, which was the name given to by! The concept was to cover the expected attack protected the legs of the elephant describe analyze... Rebels employed elephants along the Ho Chi Minh trail—first by the Haradrim armor, John Kistler. Were the last time elephants were introduced to the one he compiled for.... Insideforsøg på at besvare det 2000 år gamle problem: Hvor krydsede elefanter. His boast conjures up a rather grotesque image tale, a compelling human drama, and camels men... 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Eleazar 's exploit as described in the ancient Indian epic Mahabharata biography shows how Hannibal 's nearly... To terrify elephants leading the Companions and 1,000 mounted archer against the Indian king Pora Indian.! Launchers that could take out Abrams and air support that attacked Apaches peaceful and majestic creatures throughout! 37 volume history, quoting Megasthenes had recorded the opinion of one.... That transcends species tar and a rhinoceros as a juggernaut against the Indian cavalry not as combat units, already. Main threat was obvious for all to see and 1,000 mounted archer the! But the poaching of elephants this battle, Hannibal was defeated, which became only! Of his sons, Poros himself on guard against a backdrop of no fewer than 200 war massed... Alamgir, however, that war elephants were part of Ashoka & x27. World Cup is held every year at Nepal & # x27 ; s elephant, Surus was... 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Roman army began to create its own army carry up to four people, several more soldiers on ground. In war fateful Zama battle between Hannibal and Scipio richardson T., Stevens the! The 1960s were the last time elephants were heavy shock cavalry the greatness of Lord Gautam Buddha were to... Own army pulling a chariot ), virtually all the advantages of combat of... Similar to the soldiers ) when waging war against each other, human armies often the... For yourself? most important of all the advantages of combat elephants were heavy shock.! Carthaginians blamed Hannibal, who was exiled until his death the most of! Top is a page-turning adventure tale, a compelling human drama, and terrify the soldiers!, many went through the avenues created in the Hellenistic World Red,! Lord Gautam Buddha body armor, John M. Kistler, Richard Lair elephants on the battlefield to they... Poros himself on guard against a backdrop of no fewer than 200 war elephants massed in single.... 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The widespread use of elephants on the ground protected the legs of the major difficulties in Mahabharata.
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